冠词 Articles
一、不定冠词 a /an(泛指:一个、某一类)
1. 区分 a/an(看音标首发音,不看字母)
- a + 辅音音素开头:a book /a useful /a European(u 发 /juː/ 辅音)
- an + 元音音素开头:an apple /an hour(h 不发音)/an unusual /an Asian
2. a/an 固定用法
- 第一次提到某人 / 某物:I have a pen.
- 表 “每一”:three meals a day
- 固定短语:have a picnic /have a good time /take a walk / What a pity!
二、定冠词 the(特指:这个 / 这些,独一无二)
必加 the 的 6 类
- 独一无二事物:the sun、the Great Wall、the earth
- 序数词 / 最高级前:the fifth、the most important
- the + 形容词 = 一类人:the old(老人)、the poor(穷人) 雅思写作高频
- 乐器、方位:play the piano、in the north of
- the + 姓氏复数 = 一家人:the Smiths 史密斯一家
- 特指:of 所有格、后面有限定词:the population of China、the importance of…
三、零冠词(不用 a/an/the)
不加冠词 5 大类
- 球类、棋类:play basketball / play chess
- 三餐(泛指吃饭):have breakfast/lunch/dinner
- by + 交通工具:by car /by bus;但 take the bus 要加 the
- 专有国名、城市:China、Beijing(普通国家前不加)
- 抽象不可数名词:fun、news、information(I have fun)
- ✅ a European / a useful;❌ an European
- ✅ an hour / an honest;❌ a hour
- ✅ play basketball(无 the);play the violin(带 the)
- ✅ by bike;take the bike
- ✅ the old = old people(一类人)
形容词 Adjectives(比较级 & 最高级)全知识点总结💡
一、三大句式(考试必考,雅思写作通用)
1. 原级:as + 形容词原形 + as
- 含义:和……一样
- 否定:not as/so + 原级 + as(不如……)
例:as big as 和……一样大
2. 比较级(两者对比,出现than/much/far用)
标志词:than、much、a lot、far(只能修饰比较级)
- 单音节:+er → strong-stronger
- 多音节(interesting/expensive):前面加more → more interesting
- 特殊:easy→easier(辅音+y变i+er)
3. 最高级(三者及以上)
固定句型:one of the + 最高级 + 名词复数(最……之一)
标志:in/of+大范围(in the class/of three)
多音节:most + 形容词原形
4. 超级高频固定:the+比较级,the+比较级
越……,就越……
例:The harder you work, the luckier you will be.
二、-ing / -ed 形容词区分
- -ing(修饰事物):令人…… interesting/meaningful
- -ed(修饰人):感到…… relaxed/bored
三、系动词 + 形容词(必考点)
look/stay/seem/be + 形容词,不能加副词
例:stay safe、look younger、seem lonely
四、易混单词
- hard 副词:猛烈地(rain hard下大雨)
- hardly:副词:几乎不(≠hard)
五、做题秒选口诀
- 看见 than/much → 比较级 -er/more
- 看见 as…as → 原级
- 看见 one of/in/of+多人 → the+最高级
- 看见 the…the… → 两边全是比较级
副词 Adverbs(核心4大考点)总结(对应你错题6、16+整套题)
一、as 句型(第 6 题考点)
- as + 副原 + as + 宾语:和… 一样好,后面必须接名词 / 人
He runs as well as Tom. - as well(句末,无宾语):也、同样,后面不加内容 本题答案
- 否定专用:not so/as…as,肯定句不用 so…as
二、感叹句(第 16 题必考)
- How + 副词 + 主谓! → 修饰动词(listen/run/sing)
How carefully they listen! - What (+a/an) + 形容词 + 名词 + 主谓! → 后面紧跟名词
What a careful boy he is!
三、比较 & 最高级
- than → 比较级:单音节 + er;多音节副词前加 more(more quickly/more beautifully)
- in/of + 大范围 → 最高级:most + 副词原形
四、形副分界(整套高频)
- be 动词 /keep/stay + 形容词:keep quiet / be careful
- 实义动词(run/say/rain)+ 副词 (-ly):rain hard / listen carefully
五、频度副词排序
always > usually > often > sometimes > seldom > never(从不)
六、enough 位置
副词 / 形容词 + enough(放后面):carefully enough
介词 Prepositions(系统讲义)(根据课程录音整理)
第一章 时间介词
1. at、in、on 的区别(必考重点)
In年、In月、In季节;On具体某一天;At具体时间点。
in
用于:
- 年份:in 2025
- 月份:in June
- 季节:in summer
on
用于具体某一天:
- 日期:on June 3rd
- 星期:on Wednesday
at
用于具体时间点:
- at 4:33
- at noon
- at midnight
2. during(在……期间)
表示:
某段时间或某个事件持续期间
时间段
- during the period from 4 to 4:30
例:
- During the period from four to half past four, I finished two English papers.
事件期间
- during COVID-19
- during the meeting
- during the holiday
- from … to …
例如:
- from four to half past four
3. till / until(直到)
两者意思基本相同:
直到……
书面语更常用 until。
例:
- I waited until five o’clock, but he didn’t come.
重要搭配:not … until …
意思:
直到……才……
例:
- I didn’t turn off the TV until my mom came back.
= 我直到妈妈回来才关电视。
4. before 与 after
before
在……之前
after
在……之后
前天、后天表达(高频)
前天:
- the day before yesterday
后天:
- the day after tomorrow
记忆:
- yesterday → 昨天
- the day before yesterday → 前天
- tomorrow → 明天
- the day after tomorrow → 后天
5. since(自从……以来)
表示:
从过去某个时间一直持续到现在
通常搭配:
现在完成时(have/has + done)
例:
- I have learned English since the fourth grade.
现在完成时常见时间标志词
看到这些词时,要优先考虑现在完成时:
- since(自从)
- already(已经)
- yet(还、已经)
例:
- I have already finished it.
- Have you finished it yet?
- I have learned English since Grade 4.
📋 一页速记版
| 介词 | 用法 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| in | 年、月、季节 | in 2025 / in June |
| on | 具体某一天 | on Wednesday |
| at | 具体时间点 | at 4:33 |
| during | 在某期间 | during COVID-19 |
| from...to... | 从…… 到…… | from 4 to 4:30 |
| until | 直到 | wait until 5 |
| not until | 直到…… 才 | didn’t leave until 5 |
| before | 在…… 之前 | before class |
| after | 在…… 之后 | after school |
| since | 自从…… 以来 | since Grade 4 |
记忆优先级
⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ 必须掌握:
- in / on / at
- until / not until
- before / after
- since(现在完成时)
⭐⭐⭐ 了解即可:
- during
- from … to …(比较简单)
第二章 地点介词
一、表示"在里面"
in
表示在具体空间内部
例:
- There are two books in my school bag.
- I live in China.
inside
意思与 in 基本相同
例:
- inside the room
- inside the box
📌 实际考试和日常使用中:
能用 inside 的地方,大多数情况下都能直接用 in。
优先掌握 in 即可。
二、at 和 in(地点)
at:小地点、具体地点
例:
- at the bus stop
- at the station
- at home
- at the door
记忆:
at = 点
in:大地点、大区域
例:
- in Beijing
- in Shaanxi
- in China
记忆:
in = 面
arrive 搭配
arrive at + 小地点
- arrive at the airport
- arrive at the station
arrive in + 大地点
- arrive in Beijing
- arrive in Los Angeles
📌 高频考点
三、on 和 over
on
表示:
接触性的“在……上面”
例:
- My bottle is on the table.
(瓶子和桌子接触)
over
表示:
在……上方,但不接触
例:
- The bridge is over the Yangtze River.
(桥在江上方,不与江水接触)
四、within
表示:
在……范围内、在……之内
比 in 更抽象、更书面。
常见搭配:
- within half an hour
- within the law
- within walking distance
例:
- The ambulance will arrive within half an hour.
📌 考试认识即可。
五、表示“在下面”
必须掌握
under
表示:
在……下面
例:
- The cat is under the table.
了解即可
- underneath
- beneath
- neath
都表示:
在……下面
区别很细,不是重点。
📌 考试会认即可,自己写作用 under 最稳。
六、表示“对面”
opposite
例:
- The man stood opposite me.
- The bookstore is opposite the school.
across
也可表示对面
例:
- The bank is across the street.
七、表示“旁边”
by / beside
例:
- Our house is by the river.
- Sit beside me.
next to
表示:
紧挨着
例:
- My best friend sits next to me.
close to
表示:
靠近
例:
- The hotel is close to the station.
八、表示“附近”
near
例:
- I live near the city center.
around
例:
- There are many shops around the school.
九、前后位置
behind
表示:
在……后面
例:
- There is a tiger behind the tree.
before
表示:
在……前面
例:
- I stood before a car.
(地点中较少用)
十、重点:in front of 与 in the front of
in front of
表示:
在物体外部前面
例:
- The tree is in front of the house.
(树在房子外面)
in the front of
表示:
在物体内部前面
例:
- The teacher is in the front of the classroom.
- I sit in the front of the car.
(属于内部空间的一部分)
有 the → 在里面
没 the → 在外面
十一、表示“外面”
outside
例:
- He parked his car outside the school.
out of
表示:
从……里面出来
例:
- He walked out of the room.
十二、through(穿过)
表示:
从内部穿过
例:
- go through the tunnel
- go through the forest
- go through the mountains
记忆:
through = 穿过去(内部)
十三、along(沿着)
固定搭配:
walk along
例:
- Walk along the street.
- Walk along the river.
常用于:
- 问路
- 指路
例:
- Walk along the street and turn left at the second traffic light.
📋 一页速记版
| 介词 | 用法 例子 | |
|---|---|---|
| in | 在里面、大地点 | in China |
| at | 小地点 | at home |
| on | 接触在上面 | on the table |
| over | 在上方不接触 | over the river |
| under | 在下面 | under the desk |
| opposite | 在对面 | opposite the school |
| beside/by | 在旁边 | beside me |
| next to | 紧挨着 | next to me |
| near/around | 附近 | near the station |
| behind | 在后面 | behind the tree |
| in front of | 外部前面 | in front of the house |
| in the front of | 内部前面 | in the front of the car |
| outside | 在外面 | outside the school |
| out of | 从里面出来 | out of the room |
| through | 穿过 (内部) | through the tunnel |
| along | 沿着 | along the street |
| within | 在范围内 | within half an hour |
优先级排序
⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ 必背
- in / at
- on / over
- under
- behind
- next to
- near
- in front of / in the front of
- outside
- through
⭐⭐⭐ 认识即可
- inside
- within
- beneath
- underneath
- opposite
- around
- along
第三章 原因介词(考试重点版)
1. because of(最重要)
表示:
因为……
后面接:
✅ 名词
✅ 名词短语
例子
- I was late because of the traffic jam.
- The game was cancelled because of heavy rain.
2. because(经常和 because of 搞混)
表示:
因为……
后面接:
✅ 完整句子
例子
- I was late because my car was stuck in traffic.
- The game was cancelled because it rained heavily.
二、due to(正式)
表示:
由于……
常见搭配:
be due to
例:
- The delay was due to bad weather.
- His success is due to teamwork.
📌 正式写作常用于替换 because of。
三、owing to(正式)
表示:
由于……
意思基本等于:
- because of
- due to
例:
- Owing to a lack of funds, the game was cancelled.
📌 常出现在书面语和正式写作中。
四、as a result of(正式)
表示:
由于……
因为……
例:
- As a result of the storm, many flights were delayed.
五、on account of(非常正式)
表示:
由于……
出于……考虑
例:
- On account of safety concerns, the event was postponed.
📌 常见于:
- 新闻报道
- 政府文件
- 学术写作
六、thanks to
表示:
多亏了……
积极含义
例:
- Thanks to your help, I passed the exam.
(多亏你的帮助)
讽刺含义
例:
- Thanks to you, we lost the game.
(都怪你)
📌 根据语境判断是感谢还是讽刺。
七、for(了解)
有时可表示原因:
例:
- He was punished for his mistake.
📌 不建议当作 because of 的万能替代。
八、for the sake of
表示:
为了……
出于……考虑
例:
- For the sake of safety, everyone should wear a seat belt.
📋 一页速记版
考试优先级
⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ 必须掌握
- because + 句子
- because of + 名词/短语
- due to
- thanks to
⭐⭐⭐ 认识即可
- owing to
- as a result of
- on account of
- for
- for the sake of
第四章 方式介词(Method & Means)核心提炼
一、by(最常用)
表示:
通过某种方式、交通工具
交通方式
例:
- by car(坐车)
- by bus(坐公交)
- by train(坐火车)
- by plane(坐飞机)
- by air(乘飞机)
注意
只有一个特殊表达:
- on foot(步行)
✅ on foot
例:
- I go to school on foot.
二、by means of
表示:
通过……
借助……
依靠……
后面接:
✅ 名词
✅ 名词短语
例:
- Fungi spread by means of spores.
- We solved the problem by means of technology.
📌 比 by 更正式。
三、on behalf of
表示:
代表……
为了……的利益
结构:
on behalf of + 人/组织
例:
- I spoke on behalf of my colleagues.
- She accepted the award on behalf of the company.
📌 雅思写作、正式场合常见。
四、take advantage of
表示:
利用
中性含义
善用、充分利用
例:
- We should take advantage of the holiday to relax.
- Take advantage of this opportunity.
贬义含义
利用别人
例:
- He took advantage of my kindness.
(利用了我的善良)
📌 根据语境判断褒义还是贬义。
五、according to
表示:
根据……
常见搭配:
- according to the report
- according to the news
- according to the research
- according to the survey
- according to experts
例:
- According to the report, sales increased by 20%.
- According to experts, regular exercise improves health.
📌 雅思写作高频表达。
📋 一页速记版
| 表达 | 意思 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| by | 通过某种方式 | by bus |
| on foot | 步行 | go on foot |
| by means of | 通过、借助 | by means of technology |
| on behalf of | 代表 | on behalf of the company |
| take advantage of | 利用 | take advantage of an opportunity |
| according to | 根据 | according to the report |
雅思优先级
⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐必背
by
on foot
according to
⭐⭐⭐⭐掌握即可
by means of
on behalf of
take advantage of
第五章 让步介词(Concession)核心提炼
让步的意思:
虽然……但是……
尽管……仍然……
一、despite = in spite of(重点)
两者完全同义。
表示:
尽管……
虽然……
后面接:
✅ 名词
✅ 名词短语
✅ 动名词(V-ing)
例子
- Despite the heavy rain, he still played basketball.
- In spite of the heavy rain, he still played basketball.
二、regardless of
表示:
不管……
不顾……
无论……
后面接:
✅ 名词
✅ 名词短语
例子
- He says what he thinks regardless of other people’s feelings.
(他不顾别人的感受,想说什么就说什么。)
常见搭配
- regardless of age
- regardless of gender
- regardless of cost
- regardless of consequences
📌 比 despite 语气更强。
强调:
我根本不在乎这个因素。
三、notwithstanding(了解)
表示:
尽管……
不顾……
基本≈ despite
基本≈ in spite of
例子
- He drank wine at the party notwithstanding his wife’s warning.
(尽管妻子警告过他,他还是喝酒。)
📌 非常正式。
新闻、法律文件较常见。
日常英语极少使用。
认识即可。
核心区别
despite / in spite of
重点:
尽管存在某种困难
例:
- Despite the rain, we went out.
(虽然下雨,但还是出去了。)
regardless of
重点:
不管、不顾
例:
- He continued regardless of the risk.
(不顾风险继续。)
📋 一页速记版
| 表达 | 意思 | 重要度 |
|---|---|---|
| despite | 尽管 | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ |
| in spite of | 尽管 | ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ |
| regardless of | 不顾、不管 | ⭐⭐⭐⭐ |
| notwithstanding | 尽管、不顾 | ⭐⭐ |
雅思必背
其实这一章真正值得记的只有:
despite = in spite of
尽管……
regardless of
不顾……
notwithstanding
≈ despite (了解即可)
第六章 条件介词(Condition)核心提炼
条件介词表示:
在某种条件下……
没有某种条件就……
一、without(重点)
表示:
没有……
结构:
without + 名词/名词短语
例子
- Without your help, we would not have succeeded.
(没有你的帮助,我们不会成功。)
常见搭配
- without money
- without help
- without permission
- without experience
📌 最重要的条件介词。
考试经常出现。
二、in case of
表示:
万一……
如果发生……
结构:
in case of + 名词/名词短语
例子
- In case of any problems, please call me.
(万一有问题,请给我打电话。)
常见搭配
- in case of fire
- in case of emergency
- in case of accident
📌 很实用的固定搭配。
尤其:
- In case of fire, do not use the elevator.
三、but for(了解)
表示:
要不是……
若非……
意思基本接近:
without
例子
- But for electricity, there would be no modern cities.
(若非电力,就不会有现代城市。)
理解
下面两句意思接近:
- Without electricity, modern cities would not exist.
- But for electricity, modern cities would not exist.
📌 比 without 更正式。
阅读里可能出现。
写作一般不强求。
📋 一页速记版
| 表达 | 意思 | 例子 |
|---|---|---|
| without | 没有 | without help |
| in case of | 万一、如果发生 | in case of fire |
| but for | 若非、要不是 | but for electricity |
雅思优先级
⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐必背
without = 没有
in case of = 万一
⭐⭐⭐认识即可
but for = 若非
≈ without
第八章 排除与补充介词核心提炼
一、except(排除)
表示:
除了……之外(不包括)
例:
- Everyone came except Tom.
(除了Tom,其他人都来了。)
二、except for(排除)
表示:
要不是……
除了某个问题之外
后面通常接:
- 名词
- 名词短语
例:
- I would go with you except for my headache.
(要不是头疼,我会跟你们一起去。)
- The essay is excellent except for a few mistakes.
(除了几个错误外,这篇文章很好。)
📌 雅思写作常见。
三、but
表示:
除了……
比较旧式、书面。
例:
- No one but him knew the answer.
(除了他没人知道答案。)
📌 了解即可。
四、besides(重点)
注意!
和 except 意思相反。
besides
表示:
除了……之外还有
= including
例:
- Besides English, I speak French and Japanese.
(除了英语,我还会法语和日语。)
对比
except
- Everyone came except Tom.
Tom没来。
besides
- Besides Tom, Jack came too.
Tom来了。
Jack也来了。
五、in addition to
表示:
除了……之外还
≈ besides
例:
- In addition to English, I can speak Japanese.
📌 雅思写作高频替换。
六、apart from
表示:
除了……
根据语境:
既可能表示:
except
- Apart from Tom, everyone came.
(Tom没来)
也可能表示:
besides
- Apart from English, I speak Japanese.
(英语之外我还会日语)
📌 比较灵活。
七、aside from
和 apart from 基本一样。
表示:
- 除了……
- 除……之外还……
例:
- Aside from a few mistakes, the report is excellent.
最重要考点
except vs besides
这是最容易考的。
📋 一页速记版
| 表达 | 意思 | 是否包含 |
|---|---|---|
| except | 除了…… 之外 | ❌不包含 |
| except for | 除了某一点之外 | ❌不包含 |
| but | 除了 | ❌不包含 |
| besides | 除了…… 之外还有 | ✅包含 |
| in addition to | 除了…… 之外还 | ✅包含 |
| apart from | 除了 | 看语境 |
| aside from | 除了 | 看语境 |
整章真正需要记的
⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐必背
except
= 除…… 之外 (不包括)
besides
= 除…… 之外还有 (包括)
in addition to
= besides